Which of the following best describes external regulation?

• A. External regulation
• B. Introjected regulation
• C. Integrated regulation
• D. Identified regulation

Answer: (A)

In Self-Determination Theory, external regulation is when a person performs a behavior to obtain a reward or to avoid punishment—the action is controlled by external contingencies rather than by personal endorsement. It’s the most controlled form of motivation, meaning the motivation comes from outside pressures (rewards, threats, social demands) rather than from valuing the activity itself. This explains why the description focusing on behaving to gain external rewards or to avoid punishment best characterizes external regulation. The other forms involve some level of internalization—introjected regulation adds internal pressures like guilt or ego, identified regulation reflects personal value and acceptance of the goal, and integrated regulation aligns the behavior with one’s sense of self—so they describe more autonomous motivation.