Which model includes perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, cues to action, and self-efficacy?

• A. Health Belief Model
• B. Transtheoretical Model
• C. Theory of Planned Behavior
• D. Self-Determination Theory

Answer: (A)

The constructs listed are part of the Health Belief Model, a framework used to explain why people engage in health-related actions. This model looks at how beliefs about health problems influence behavior. Perceived susceptibility and perceived severity combine to form the sense of threat: if someone believes they are at risk and that the condition would have serious consequences, they’re more motivated to act. Perceived benefits and perceived barriers weigh the advantages and costs of taking action, shaping the motivation to proceed. Cues to action are triggers or prompts that push someone to act, and self-efficacy is the confidence in one's ability to successfully perform the behavior. When threat is perceived as real, benefits are clear, barriers are manageable, a cue to act occurs, and self-efficacy is strong, action is more likely.

Other models focus on different aspects. The Transtheoretical Model emphasizes stages of change rather than a specific set of beliefs about risk and action. The Theory of Planned Behavior centers on intention influenced by attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control, not the six constructs listed. Self-Determination Theory looks at types of motivation and basic psychological needs rather than beliefs about health threats and action cues.